| Goals for this chapter: | rpm packages covered in this chapter:
|
The XML is an Markup language created by the result of HMTL and SGML. The SGML is a language capable to generate any type of format HTML, DVI, LaTex, TXT and Postscript.
X in XML, stand for Extensible. Therefore, XML stand for Extensible Markup Language. Extensible because XML may respond to any customized markup language.
For example, in HTML we have:
<bold>This paragraph is in BOLD</bold>
In XML, we can define
XML had been written in SGML, the international standard metalanguage for text markup systems (ISO 8879).
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language ) includes also tags like:
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd"> <book> <title>An Example Book</title> <titleabbrev>Example</titleabbrev> <bookinfo> <legalnotice><para>No notice is required.</para></legalnotice> <author><firstname>Norman</firstname><surname>Walsh</surname></author> </bookinfo> <dedication> <para> This book is dedicated to you. </para> </dedication> <preface><title>Forword</title> <para> Some content is always required. </para> </preface> <chapter><title>Required Chapter</title> <para> At least one chapter, reference, part, or article is required in a book. </para> </chapter> <appendix><title>Optional Appendix</title> <para> Appendixes are optional. </para> </appendix> </book>For example we can see that the previous XML tags regards a book.
XML using the DocBook Definition is the latest reference in Linux Tex
Processing.
All the KDE tips are written in XML. For example the following KDE "tip":
is an XML file.
Exactly:
<tip category="Konqueror">
<html>
<p>The <b>"Location" label</b> in Konqueror is draggable.</p>
<p>This means you can create shortcuts (e.g. on the desktop
or the panel)
by dragging it there with the mouse. You can also drop it on
to Konsole or
edit fields to get the URL typed in there (as you can with links
or files
displayed in Konqueror).</p>
</html>
</tip>
<tip category="LooknFeel">
<html>
<p>The style of all GUI elements (buttons, edit fields, toolbars
and so on)
can be configured in Preferences
(K Menu->Preferences <em>or</em> Control Center)
by selecting LookNFeel -> Style.</p>
<br>
<center><img src="hicolor/48x48/apps/style.png"></center>
</html>
</tip>
These documents comes from the Qt XML documentation, for example.
<document>
<book>
<title>Practical XML</title>
<author title="Ms" name="Eris Kallisti"/>
<chapter>
<title>A Namespace Called fnord</title>
</chapter>
</book>
</document>
DocBook or better DocBook DTD is a set of declarations, that is a Document Type Definition (DTD), where a SGML document base its references.
This definition document or DTD, is an inventory of tag names developed by a team. These definitions includes also the semantic to create a feature.
Docbook DTD was originally developed by HaL Computer Systems and O'Reilly & Associates around 1991. The specific moves to the Davenport Group in 1994, and then to its actual place: OASIS The Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards.
The latest version is 4.1.2
Where are located these Docbook DTD definitions ?
In RedHat system, they are installed on: "/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" and belong to the package docbook-dtd412-xml
[root@ftosx1 root]# rpm -ql docbook-dtd412-xml
/usr/share/doc/docbook-dtd412-xml-1.0
/usr/share/doc/docbook-dtd412-xml-1.0/40chg.txt
/usr/share/doc/docbook-dtd412-xml-1.0/41chg.txt
/usr/share/doc/docbook-dtd412-xml-1.0/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/docbook-dtd412-xml-1.0/readme.txt
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/calstblx.dtd
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/catalog
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/dbcentx.mod
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/dbgenent.mod
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/dbhierx.mod
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/dbnotnx.mod
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/dbpoolx.mod
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/docbook.cat
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/docbookx.dtd
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-amsa.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-amsb.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-amsc.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-amsn.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-amso.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-amsr.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-box.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-cyr1.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-cyr2.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-dia.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-grk1.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-grk2.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-grk3.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-grk4.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-lat1.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-lat2.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-num.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-pub.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/ent/iso-tech.ent
/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.1.2/soextblx.dtd
[root@ftosx1 root]#
On the Web, the files are available at Oasis Web Site in Docbook Specific pages: http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/
Therefore DocBook documents are SGML documents that respect DocBook DTD specifics. Docbook specific are similar to XML specific but different.
There are available a PERL script to transform DTD to XML Schema: A Conversion Tool from DTD to XML Schema
Generally, DocBook DTD documents starts with the line:
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN">
We list here a very simple document:
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN"[]>
<book id="FTLinuxCourse">
<bookinfo>
<title>Fast Training Linux Course</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Giovanni</firstname>
<surname>Orlando</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>gorlando@futuretg.com</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2001</year>
<holder>Future Technologies</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is copyright document
by Future Technologies Inc
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
FTLinuxCourse is
a web-based Training Course for RedHat Linux and
other distributions.
Is based on the idea
to offer an open material (HTML files), and
at the same time
learning while browsing the FastTrainingLinuxCourse,
full of source, shells
and file scripts, browsing the local Linux FileSystem,
and the Web, for
the original ideas and documents written by the creator of
Linux and its components,
Tcl, C, C++, Expect, The Linux Kernel, X Window System,
Qt Libraries, KDE,
GNOME, Motif, PERL, Python, HTML Language, PHP, and in general
any possible Linux
subject in a well-organized training course available in six
courses: BASE, WebMaster,
X Window, Networking, Programming and System Administration.
</para>
<sect1>
<title>What covers FTLinuxCourse
?</title>
<para>
What covers FTLinuxCourse
?
FTLinuxCourse covers
all immaginable Linux topics like programming languages:
<function>C</function>,
<function>C++</function>,
<function>Tcl</function>,
<function>Tk</function>,
<function>Xt</function>
Programming, <function>Motif</function> Programming,
<function>Qt</function>
Programming to develop KDE Applications,
<function>Gtk</function>
Programming to develop GNOME Applications
<function>Bash</function>
Shell Programming and other SysAdm
shell script programming
like <function>Expect</function>
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
</book>
[root@ftosx1 root]#
The previous documents haves its "sections <sect1>", its "paragraphs <para>", inside the "Chapter <chapter>" and "book <book>" book definition.
To "compile" this SGML document, we run the docbook2html, db2html command:
[root@ftosx1 root]# db2html ftlinuxcourse.sgml
output is ftlinuxcourse
Using catalogs: /etc/sgml/sgml-docbook-3.1.cat
Using stylesheet: /usr/share/sgml/docbook/utils-0.6.9/docbook-utils.dsl#html
Working on: /root/ftlinuxcourse.sgml
Done.
[root@ftosx1 root]#
This process create a directory with the name of the file.
Therefore a dir called ftlinuxcourse will be created included the necessary
files in the format requested.
 |
 |
These files present a very simple format.
DocBook also includes tags to create books, articles and other similar documents.
For a book, we can have the following format:
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN">
<book>
<bookinfo>
<title>My First Book</title>
<author><firstname>Jane</firstname><surname>Doe</surname></author>
<copyright><year>1998</year><holder>Jane Doe</holder></copyright>
</bookinfo>
<preface><title>Foreword</title> ... </preface>
<chapter> ... </chapter>
<chapter> ... </chapter>
<chapter> ... </chapter>
<appendix> ... </appendix>
<appendix> ... </appendix>
<index> ... </index>
</book>
Jade is an implementation of the DSSSL style language; is a DocBook tool necessary to create the different formats
Jade name stand for James DSSSL Engine. James is James Clark.
Inside Linux, jade is a symbolic link to openjade.
[root@ftosx1 root]# file /usr/bin/jade
/usr/bin/jade: symbolic link to openjade
[root@ftosx1 root]# [root@ftosx1 SPECS]# file /usr/bin/openjade
bash: [root@ftosx1: command not found
[root@ftosx1 root]# /usr/bin/openjade: ELF 32-bit LSB executable,
Intel 80386, version 1, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), stripped
DSSSL (Document Style Semantics and Specification Language) is an International
Standard, ISO/IEC 10179:1996, for specifying document transformation and
formatting in a platform- and vendor-neutral
manner. DSSSL can be used with any document format for which a property
set can be defined according to the Property Set Definition Requirements
of ISO/IEC 10744. In particular, it can be used to specify the presentation
of documents marked up according to ISO 8879:1986, Standard Generalized
Markup Language (SGML).
Jade is simply a program that create DSSSL documents developed by James Clark.
Jade is used in Linux ...
[root@ftosx1 root]# jade --help
jade:E: invalid option "-"
jade:I: usage is "jade [-vCegG2s] [-b encoding] [-f error_file]
[-c catalog_sysid] [-D dir] [-a link_type] [-A arch] [-E max_errors] [-i
entity] [-w warning_type] [-d dsssl_spec] [-V variable[=value]] [-t (fot|rtf|tex|mif|sgml|xml)]
[-o output_file] sysid..."
[root@ftos
For example in the compilation of Maximum-RPM book commands like:
/usr/bin/jade -d ../redhat-html.dsl -t sgml -ihtml -V html-index
../max-rpm.sgml ;
/usr/bin/jade -d ../redhat-html.dsl -t sgml -ihtml ../max-rpm.sgml
These command request the dsl (that is the DSSL) defintion that RedHat includes in the file redhat-html.dsl
Jade and DSSL may be used to publish DocBook documents. Is possible to consult the section: The Using Jade and DSSSL to Publish DocBook Documents
While DocBook does not includes a program to create TeX files, jade does!.
Jade haves also a Tex friend, called jadetex that is a symbolic link to virtex.
[root@ftosx1 root]# file /usr/bin/jadetex
/usr/bin/jadetex: symbolic link to virtex
[root@ftosx1 root]#
Linux Documentation in DocBook format
After the DocBook release, the entire Linux community moves slowly from old SGML development to DocBook format.
All Linux documentation is available in this format.
[root@ftosx1 src]# ls -al
total 145307
drwxr-xr-x 5 root
root 200 Oct
5 18:20 .
drwxr-xr-x 18 root root
396 Sep 18 15:34 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root
root 12 Oct
5 18:20 linux -> linux-2.4.10
drwxr-xr-x 14 1046 wine
463 Sep 23 19:37 linux-2.4.10
-rw-r--r-- 1 root
root 124835840 Sep 26 09:28 linux-2.4.10.tar
drwxr-xr-x 16 root root
675 Oct 5 13:06 linux-2.4.7-2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root
root 23952949 Sep 13 13:00 linux-2.4.7-2.tgz
drwxr-xr-x 7 root
root 141 Sep
8 21:55 redhat
[root@ftosx1 src]#
In the Linux hierarchy the actual DocBook documentation is available in the dir:
[root@ftosx1 DocBook]# pwd
/usr/src/linux/Documentation/DocBook
[root@ftosx1 DocBook]# ls
deviceiobook.tmpl Makefile
parport-multi.fig procfs-guide.tmpl
videobook.tmpl
kernel-api.tmpl mcabook.tmpl
parport-share.fig sis900.tmpl
wanbook.tmpl
kernel-hacking.tmpl mousedrivers.tmpl parport-structure.fig
tulip-user.tmpl z8530book.tmpl
kernel-locking.tmpl parportbook.tmpl procfs_example.c
via-audio.tmpl
[root@ftosx1 DocBook]#
DocBook format is so important, that also the Linux Makefile includes it, and allow to generate SGML, HTML, Postscript and PDF files.
[root@ftosx1 DocBook]# cd ../..
[root@ftosx1 linux]# pwd
/usr/src/linux
[root@ftosx1 linux]# more Makefile
...
sgmldocs:
chmod 755 $(TOPDIR)/scripts/docgen
chmod 755 $(TOPDIR)/scripts/gen-all-syms
chmod 755 $(TOPDIR)/scripts/kernel-doc
$(MAKE) -C $(TOPDIR)/Documentation/DocBook
books
psdocs: sgmldocs
$(MAKE) -C Documentation/DocBook
ps
pdfdocs: sgmldocs
$(MAKE) -C Documentation/DocBook
pdf
htmldocs: sgmldocs
$(MAKE) -C Documentation/DocBook
html
...
For example to create the HTML version from the Linux docs, you need simply to run the command.
Is convenient to remove the lines: 16457 up to 16549 in the file Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.sgml and the lines, 227-9, in the file Documentation/DocBook/deviceiobook.sgml, before to run the command.
[root@ftosx1 linux]# make htmldocs
After the compilation we will find all the HTML files in its respective dirs:
[root@ftosx1 linux]# cd Documentation/DocBook/deviceiobook
[root@ftosx1 deviceiobook]# ls -al
total 39
drwxr-xr-x 3 root
root 293 Oct
5 20:52 .
drwxr-xr-x 16 root root
1573 Oct 5 20:52 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root
root 1717 Oct 5 20:52
bugs.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root
root 2181 Oct 5 20:52
c77.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root
root 2266 Oct 5 20:52
doingio.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root
root 1897 Oct 5 20:52
intro.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root
root 1890 Oct 5 20:52
ln21.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root
root 2960 Oct 5 20:52
mmio.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root
root 345 Oct
5 20:51 stylesheet-images
-rw-r--r-- 1 root
root 3856 Oct 5 20:52
x44.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root
root 2551 Oct 5 20:52
x65.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root
root
[root@ftosx1 deviceiobook]#
In the Linux hierarchy, are included the tmpl documents.
[root@ftosx1 DocBook]# more deviceiobook.tmpl
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN"[]>
<book id="DoingIO">
<bookinfo>
<title>Bus-Independent Device Accesses</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Matthew</firstname>
<surname>Wilcox</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>matthew@wil.cx</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
...
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software;
you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms
of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your
option) any later
version.
</para>
...
[root@ftosx1 DocBook]#
The Makefile happens as follows:
First the files are transformed to sgml ...
deviceiobook.sgml: deviceiobook.tmpl
$(TOPDIR)/scripts/docgen
<deviceiobook.tmpl >deviceiobook.sgml
... and then to HTML
%: %.sgml
@(which db2html >
/dev/null 2>&1) || \
(echo "***
You need to install DocBook stylesheets ***"; \
exit
1)
-$(RM) -r $@
db2html $<
if [ ! -z "$(JPG-$@)"
]; then cp $(JPG-$@) $@; fi
The program db2html, stand for docbook2html
In the same way you can run, from the Linux kernel directory the commands:
[root@ftosx1 linux]# make psdocs
and
[root@ftosx1 linux]# make pdfdocs
There are called the catalogs and the stylesheets necessary to create the document.
Using catalogs: /etc/sgml/sgml-docbook-3.1.cat
Using stylesheet: /usr/share/sgml/docbook/utils-0.6.9/docbook-utils.dsl#print
The previous example explain better the DocBook benefits. We can write a book or a project using DocBook specifics and you will have valid documents in HTML, PDF, PS and simple TXT
FTLinuxCourse Complete includes the DocBook:
The Definitive Guide
The lastet StarOffice suite supports a new XML-based format. All new
In details,
Of course, all applications support this XML, including StarWriter and StarImpress and othet programs.
Internally a scalc document (and also any other document) presents the following internally format.
...
<!DOCTYPE office:document-meta PUBLIC "-//OpenOffice.org//DTD
OfficeDocument 1.0//EN" "office.dtd">
<office:document-meta xmlns:office="http://openoffice.org/2000/office"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xmlns:meta="http://openoffice.org/2000/meta" office:version="1.0">
<office:meta>
<meta:generator>OpenOffice.org 638 (Linux)</meta:generator><!--638h(Build:7133)-->
<meta:initial-creator>Giovanni Orlando</meta:initial-creator>
<meta:creation-date>2000-09-26T13:36:13</meta:creation-date>
<dc:date>2001-09-12T10:04:02</dc:date>
<meta:print-date>2001-09-10T19:51:36</meta:print-date>
<dc:language>en-US</dc:language>
<meta:editing-cycles>953</meta:editing-cycles>
<meta:editing-duration>P6DT1H43M35S</meta:editing-duration>
<meta:user-defined meta:name="Info 0"/>
<meta:user-defined meta:name="Info 1"/>
<meta:user-defined meta:name="Info 2"/>
<meta:user-defined meta:name="Info 3"/>
<meta:document-statistic meta:table-count="3" meta:cell-count="261"/>
</office:meta>
...
StarOffice 6.0 now presents a splitted form
| This program is swriter.
We can access this program running soffice or any other program with File->New |
 |
 |
This is "scalc" (StarCalc). Is the normal spreadsheet |
| This is sdraw (StarDraw).
You can write flow charts |
 |
 |
This is simpress for presentations. |
Also other olds and new programs are included, like "smath" to write formulae, "sweb" to write and "smaster" to write books
A minimal support for DataBase is present:
The New menu continues to be the same standard menu. With this choice
any program can open any "office" file type.
In this sense any StarOffice program is a soffice. Each program open a new task for the request.
StarWrite offers also a support for Scanners.
Also, Koffice offers this support but StarOffice haves more than
With this choice StarOffice is not only one of the more light UNIX office
suite today available, but also offers
Read the answers
to the exercises.
Check the Interactive Exam Cram WebMaster: 
Internet Resources for this Chapter.