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1.What is a System Integrator ?
A system Integrator is the person in the organization that integrate different operating systems, like Mac, UNIX and MS Windows.
2. Is the MacOS X a UNIX System?
Yes.
3. What's SAMBA?
Samba is a set of protocols and programs to integrate Linux and UNIX systems with MS Windows.
4. What is the RPM package to install on your Linux system to connect your Linux with a Mac network?
netatalk
5. Is possible to run MacOS 9.X application on MacOS X?
Yes.
6. Is possible to open a telnet session from Linux to the MacOSX?
No.
7.Is possible to mount a remote UNIX system on a local directory?
Yes.
8. Is possible to copy local files to the remote Windows partition with Linux without SAMBA ?
Yes.
9.Is possible to copy files between Linux system with drag-and-drop techniques?
Yes.
10. Is possible to connect the IBM AS/400 to Linux?
Yes.
1.What is ping ?
ping is the program that simply send packets between hosts.
2.What is a packet?
A packet is a set of data including the header that travels between hosts.
3.How many bytes are sent to remote system by default ? Is possible to change this default ? How ?
64 including the 8 bytes of ICMP header data.
4.Where are described the TCP/IP standards ?
All the TCP/IP procedures are covered in the Request for Comments.
5.What is telnet ?
The telnet is the tele type, remote type. Is a program that allows to open sessions on a remote system.
6.What is the procedure to activate a telnet session between two machines, where client machine will be open to receive telnet sesssions while server machine don't.?
We will answer the question in the most secure frame. Actually, RedHat like (RedHat, Mandrake, and also FTOSX) adopt a "xinited" concept more secure than previous one.
xinited is similar to "inetd" concept.
However, the answer need two changes.
[root@www xinetd.d]# more telnet
# default: on
# description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it
uses \
# unencrypted username/password
pairs for authentication.
service telnet
{
disable = no
flags
= REUSE
socket_type
= stream
wait
= no
user
= root
server
= /usr/sbin/in.telnetd
log_on_failure
+= USERID
}
[root@www xinetd.d]#
Re-start the "xinited" services.
A gateway is the port to open a port to move away on a network, generally to connect local network to a network. For example, if the local machine connected to the Web haves the IP address: 192.168.1.63, we need to have the following configuration:
[root@ftosx1 sysconfig]# pwd
/etc/sysconfig
[root@ftosx1 sysconfig]# more network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=ftosx1.futuretg.com
GATEWAY=192.168.1.63
[root@ftosx1 sysconfig]#
8. What is ftp ? What means ?
FTP stand for File Transfer Protocol, and is used to transfer data.
9. Is possible that an ftp session become automatic ? How ?
Yes. Is necessary to write a special file called: ".netrc".
10. How UNIX share disks and directories in the local network ?
With the NFS Services.
11. How a printer become "shared" in the local network ? Is the concept "shared" applicable ?
UNIX does not make differences for local and shared printers. The "shared" concept for printers is not applicable. Its may be used for MS Windows.
12. What is the RPC ? Who was the first company to offer it ?
RPC stand for Remote Procedure Calls and was used by Sun Microsystems.
13. What package in RedHat includes "/etc/hosts.allow" ?
setup-2.5.7-1
14. What means the words: motd, that regards the file "/etc/motd" ? Is still available in Linux ?
The UNIX (message of the day) is not present generally in Linux distro. However, Slackware and FTOSX support it.
15. What file we need to update to active/disactivate the telnet service ?
In inetd.conf configuration we need to uncomment the relative line. In "xinetd.conf" we need to include the line: disable = no, inside the telnet file.
16. Is possible to run ftp in batch (or automatc) mode ?
Yes.
17. Is possible to run ftp in batch mode without the "expect" commands ?
Yes.
18. Is possible to includes commands like "echo" or "mail" in "/etc/hosts.allow" ?
Yes.
19. Why when we send 1 byte using ping we see 9 bytes ?
Because there are 8 bytes for the header.
20. What file list the hosts present in the local network ?
/etc/hosts
21. What is a stream ?
A stream is the normal the normal mode to open a socket.
22. What is DGRAM ?
DGRAM is a socket or the mode a socket is opened.
23. What means ICMP ? What is ?
Internet Control Message Protocol. Is the protocol used by ping.
24.What is the file to modify to activate/disable the users name in the FTP services ?
/etc/ftpusers.
25.What is the TTL ?
The TTL value of an IP packet represents the maximum number of IP routers that the packet can go through before being thrown away.
26.What means TCP ? What means IP ?
TCP means Transmission Control Protocol. IP means Internet Protocol.
27.What command will print the Ethernet Physical Address ?
arp
28.Why we may get an incomplete ("?") entry on "arp" output ?
Because does not appear in the "/etc/hosts".
29.What is the command to configure a "eth0" interface ? Where are located these info in a Linux system ?
ifconfig. The configuration happens at boot time, reading the files in "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts"
30.What Init Service regards the Hardware network cards ?
network
31.Is possible to activate the telnet services only internally, for example only with 192.168.1.99 ?
Yes, but is necessary to use "xinetd.conf"
32.Is possible to activate ftp services only at some hours, for example from 8:00am until 6:30pm ? How ?
Yes. With ftpaccess using "inetd.conf" or with "xinetd.conf" configuring directly the service that contains the ftp.
33.Are there some mode to works with FTP in automatic mode ?
Yes, using the ".netrc"
34. What is the ".netrc" file ?
Is an ASCII file that list the remote machine the password and the commands to run for an automatic ftp services.
35.What commands must include a ".netrc" file ? Are there some other mode to run these commands getting the same results ?
machine and password
Yes, is possible to get the same results with expect.
36.Is included the password for the remote system, inside the ".netrc" file ? Is this password accessible by any other user ?
Yes. Well, this depends of the file attribute, however the password may be included inside the file; the procedure will works only if the file will be readable by the owner, but is possible that somene read it, if the attribute for others have not removed.
37.Is possible to use ".netrc" files to download files from ftp.futuretg.com ?
Of course.
38.What is the ftp behaviour when we run "ftp thunder" and the local ".netrc" contains an entry only for the machine "world" ?
Nothing happens.
39.Is possible to open a telnet session only for a specific IP address ?
Yes.
40.What file control the FTP access, maximum number of logins, maximum time for login and maximum login time ?
The file is "/etc/ftpaccess"
41.Is possible to share directories on UNIX/Linux ?
Yes, this is possible using NFS
42.What company invent NFS ?
Sun Microsystems.
43.What is NFS ?
Network File System
44.Is possible to mount a DOS, MS Window, MS Windows NT/2000 directory ?
Yes, is possible locally or remotely using the appropriate files.
45.What UNIX write the standards for the actual Linux "/etc/printcap" ?
BSD.
46.What is the entry for remote printer in the "/etc/printcap" ?
rm
47.What is the service name to lauch "nfs" services ?
nfs
48.What is the name of the file in the remote NFS Server to write to mount its filesystem, locally ?
/etc/exports
49.Is possible to mount an entire system, exporting "/" ? What is the command to mount these directory if the system is called "earth" ?
Yes, of course.
50.If we mount locally a remote filesystem, in "rw" mode. Will all operations to remove, copy or move files permitted, locally ?
Not always.
51 Why the xinetd file for wu-ftp includes the enty: "service ftp" ?
Because is the standard mode to use it and wu-ftp is the standard choice used in FTP services worldwide.
52.Are ftp and tftp the same service ?
Absolutely no.
53.Where are listed the services that we can list in the inetd.conf file or xinetd files ?
The services available are listed in "/etc/services".
54. Are there some file called ".telnetrc" ?
Yes.
55.Is possible an automatic telnet session ?
Yes.
56.What does the command "telnet localhost 25" ?
Browse the sendmail connections.
57.What is the complete command when we run the telnet command ?
telnet host port
58.What network configuration type includes the Mac OS X: xinetd or inetd ?
inetd.conf
59.Is possible to access telnet connections only from
a specific IP, using xinetd ? And using inetd.conf configuration ?
60.What are the files to configure to use in full the TCP Wrappers Library ?
/etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny
1.Is possible to integrate MS Windows systems with Linux ?
Yes, of course. There are different modes and products to get complete result.
2.Is possible to print from a Linux box on the printer connected to a MS Window system ?
Of course.
3.Is possible to mount a MS Windows volume on Linux ?
Yes. This is the basic procedure.
4.Is possible to visualize a Linux box on a MS Windows System ?
Yes, also this is possible.
5.Is possible to mount a MS Window system and at the same time a Mac folder ?
Of course there are no limitations.
6.Is available SAMBA for the Mac OS X, the latest UNIX based system ?
Yes. Mac OS X includes SAMBA.
7.Is possible to run X Window System on a MS Windows ?
Yes, it is possible installing a relative product.
8.Is possible to run X Window System on the Mac OS X ?
Yes, check the FTLinuxCourse BASE for Mac OSX. The X Window System for the Mac OS X is called XDarwin.
9.What is NetBEUI ?
NetBUI is the standard protocol invented by IBM and used by Microsoft to connect and share information between MS Window Systems. SAMBA uses this protocol from the Linux box.
10. Is available TCP/IP on MS Windows ? From what date ?
Yes. Actually Microsoft release its version. Basically from 1994 different companies offers its TCP/IP for Windows and was a business in those days.
11.List three MS Windows Network Protocols.
LanMan, NetBeui and Microsoft Network.
12.List three products to run X Windows on MS Windows. You can list old ones and new ones.
X WinPro, PC XWare and X Vision.
13.What are the modes to integrate MS Windows with Linux ?
There are two modes:
The modes to share a Linux box with an MS Windows System/
15.What means D.O.S. ?
Disk Operating System.
16.What did the product called DESQview/X ? Where was installed ?
DESQview/X was a DOS product to be installed on a Pentium. After the installation was possible to install MS Windows and any MS Window product like Lotus 123, MS Word or others; MS Window is 3.X. Once, these product are installed is possible to load it from a X Window System, SCO for example.
This allow to run any MS Window program on a UNIX system using running X. Performance was full acceptable.
17.Suppose that a system where is installed MS Windows 2000 and Linux (double boot) is running Linux. Is possible to copy files from/to the Windows 2000 disk and remote Linux system ?
Of course. With a simple FTP connection is possible to copy from/to any Linux system to the the MS Windows disk. Of course the Windows 2000 mounting was a fundamental preliminary step, on the double boot Linux system.
18.Is possible to mount a VFAT Windows 2000 filesystem on Linux ?
Yes.
19.Is possible to write files on a NTFS Windows 2000 Filesystem from Linux ?
Yes. But is not the better choice.
20.Is possible to mount a NTFS Windows 2000 filesystem on Linux ? What is the better choice to adopt if you use frequently this approach ?
Yes, is possible but the better choice is VFAT.
1.What is SAMBA ?
SAMBA is an OpenSource project that integrate Linux and other UNIX systems with MS Windows.
2.Where was realized the SAMBA project ?
SAMBA is an OpenSource project realized in the Australian National University.
3.Who is the SAMBA author ?
Andrew Tridgell.
4.What's means SMB ? What's is SMB volume ?
SMB is an abbreviation for SAMBA. A Samba volume is or a MS Windows shared volume or a Linux exported volume visible by MS Windows systems.
5.What are the concepts you learn in this chapter ?
SAMBA, SMB Volumes and its possibilities.
6.Is possible to mount a Samba (MS Windows) filesystem using the command "mount" ?
Yes.
7.What means a line commented with ";" in the "/etc/samba/smb.conf" ?
Is a comment.
8.What's necessary to do to share a Linux folder and access it from MS Windows?
Uncomment it or write it on the "/etc/samba/smb.conf" file.
9.The login and password we will enter when we access Linux from MS Windows are special, new password ... or standard one ?
Are standard password in any case, like any remote access.
10.What is the service nmbd ? How we can check is running ?
Is the service that export Linux directory and make it visible from MS Windows system. We can check with "ps -ax nmbd"
11.Are there some check/change to apply in the file: "/etc/services" ?
No. Is important to check that netbios entry are "uncommented".
12.Is necessary to activate or update some file in inetd.conf or xinetd ?
Not really.
13.How we can know what folders are shared on the MS Windows 2000 system ?
We can run the "Computer near you" on MS Windows and check local shared folders.
14.How we can know what folders are shared on Linux system, and accessible from Windows 2000 ?
We can run the "Computer near you" on MS Windows and check on the Linux machine. If everything works we will be the UNIX name.
15.What is the program to test a samba configuration file? Is possible that this program generate a new corrected version ?
testparm. Yes. It can generate.
16.What is the command to enter in the directory "My Pictures" from Linux ?
cd "My Pictures"
17.What is the procedure to share the directory "My Documents" on Windows 2000 ?
Click on the folder. Choose Properties -> Sharing, and then apply.
18.Is possible to mount automatically the MS Windows 2000 shared directories, on the Linux box ?
Yes. but we need to configure it the AMD (Automatic Mounting Daemon)
19.Is possible to drag files from a MS Window system ?
Yes, using Konqeror and the relative service.
20.Are there some mode to run on MS Windows the "Calculator.exe", MS Office, MS Internet Explorer or other Windows system, on Linux ?
Actually is possible only with Emulators like VMWARE, or Wine Codewavers.
21. Are there some program similar to FTP but to connect to MS Windows systems ?
Yes, the name is smbclient.
22.In how many modes is possible to grant MS Window users on SAMBA ?
Two modes: user and server.
23. Where is located the SAMBA configuration file ?
Depends. Generally in "/etc/samba" or "/etc".
24. What is the name for the SAMBA configuration file ?
smb.conf
25. What is more simple, run a MS Windows program on Linux with an emulator or integrate the Linux with SAMBA ?
Is more easy to integrate, but only data may be shared. Run MS Windows on Linux, may be necessary.
26. What is more simple, run a MS Windows program on Linux with an emulator, integrate Linux with SAMBA ... or simply run the equivalent native Linux program on Linux ?
Run the native version is the most complete and easy solution.
27. How many RPM packages generally includes SAMBA services ?
There are four packages.
28. What is the name of the SAMBA packages ?
[root@ftosx1 root]# rpm -qa | grep samba
samba-2.2.1a-4
samba-common-2.2.1a-4
samba-swat-2.2.1a-4
samba-client-2.2.1a-4
[root@ftosx1 root]#
29. Is included a IPX daemon on SAMBA ?
No.
30. Would be necessary to use the same remote MS Windows Workgroup on the SAMBA configuration procedure ?
Absolutely, no.
31. What file contains the Workgroup name ?
The SAMBA configuration name.
32. The SAMBA Workgroup name would represent? (a) The name that the Linux system will have from a MS Windows scanning or (b) Must be necessarily "WORKGROUP" to get results ?
(a) the visible name on NetBIOS network.
33. What is the name of the SAMBA program that check for a Netbios system ?
nmblookup
34. Is always possible to ping a MS Windows system, or is necessary that the remote system includes the TCP/IP software ?
PING needs TCP/IP. Would work if is installed in both systems.
35. Is necessary to install Microsoft TCP/IP on the MS Windows system to integrate the Linux box with them ?
No.
36. Are there some Netbios services running on the Linux system that SAMBA programs uses ?
Yes.
37.What file list these netbios services ?
These files are listed on "/etc/services".
38. Are these netbios services available by default ?
Yes.
39. What is the exact protocol that SAMBA uses ?
NetBT (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
40. What is the only protocol necessary on the remote MS Windows systems? What is the secondary protocol, not fundamental ?
NetBios, or the default MS Windows network protocol. The second is TCP/IP, actually also installed on MS Windows 2000 systems
1.What is NetWare ?
Netware is a FileServer Operating System capable to offer high-performance. The product was develop by Novell Inc in the 80-90.
2.What is IPX ?
Is the protocol used by Novell to run the NetWare server.
3.What means NDS ... from Novell Netware point of view ?
NDS is the Novell Directory Service, is the mode used by the server to share directories.
4.What is the command to activate under Linux to browse the Novell Netware server ?
nwclient. The IPX service is provided by the Kernel.
5.What does the command "nwlogin" ?
Log a user into the server.
6.Is possible to print from Linux on a Netware server ? How ?
Yes, is possible. To print we can use the command: nwprint -s Server1 -q Q1 filename
7.Are there some "opensource" products to mount and browse Novell Netware volumes from Linux ?
Yes. There are the ncpfs.
8.Is possible to visualize a Novell volume and its users from a KDE program ?
In KDE 1.X days was possible.
9.Are there some product to "transform" a Linux system on a Novell Netware system ?
Yes. The better product was Novell Netware for Linux. Actually MARS Netware runs fine.
10.What does the product "ncpfs" ?
ncpfs is an "opensource" product to mount and browse Novell Netware volumes from Linux.
1.What is Appletalk ? What is netatalk ?
AppleTalk is the Apple Protocol to connect its Computers each others.
Netatalk is the Linux software that allows to share
2.How we can activate this service ?
We need simply to install the "netatalk" service and activate it.
3.What operations are necessary to run on the Mac ?
Must be necessary to configure the TCP/IP, to work "Manually".
4.Is possible to share the file: "ValutazioneAllievi_CorsoAnalistaProgrammatore.xlt" between Mac-Linux directories ?. Explain your answer. Why yes or why not ?
No. Apple Mac OS 9.2 or previous does not support very long filenames. They have a limit of 31 characters.
5.Is possible to print a Linux file on a Apple Printer connected to an Apple system, from Linux ?
Yes.
6.Are there some script to add a Netatalk printer ?
Yes, there are a script.
7.Is possible to run X Window system on the Mac OS X ?
Yes, just install XDarwin.
8.Is possible to run X Window System on the Mac OS 8.X or 9.X ?
Yes. In both OS is possible, however the product is not XFree or XDarwin but a commercial product.
9.What is the "Chooser" on the Mac OS 9.X or previous ?
Is available under the "Apple" menu.
10.Where is located the "new chooser" on the Mac OS X ?
In the finder.
Note: We don't have an AS/400 System in our enviroment. The chapter about AS/400-Linux integration was written by Marco Pesce a worldwide authority in the field.
Because we includes this chapter basically for a Linux Certification reasons, we questions below does not requery an AS/400 in your enviroment, but only a sufficient know-how covered by Chapter 7.
1.Is possible the integration between AS/400 and Linux ?
Yes. Is possible in different modes.
2.Is possible to run Linux on AS/400 systems ?
Yes.
3.Is possible to share AS/400 disks with Linux ?
Of course, however is necessary to use the necessary software.
4.What character set uses the AS/400 system ?
EBCDIC
5.What character set uses the Linux system ?
ASCII - (American Standard Code for Information Interchange).
1. What is a X-Terminal ?
An X-Terminal is a Network device that includes a Graphical Display with a keyboard and a mouse with an Ethernet port. Generally also a serial port is included to attach serial printers locally.
2. Where interact an X-Terminal user, when run its programs ? ... or Where is the Hard-Disk ?
An X-terminal is connected to some X Server at login time. The X Server may be near or far.
3. What is XMD ? What means "xdm" ?
XMD is the graphical login included in X Window. XDM stand for X Display Manager.
4. Is possible using "xdm" log into an X Window System about 2 miles far ?
Yes, of course.
5. What type of Network Protocols supports X Window System ?
XProtocol, specified in XLib.
6. Generally is included a hard disk in an X Terminal ?
No.
7. How are loaded the fonts for the X Window System ?
The fonts are loaded on the RAM, locally via the Ethernet interface using bootpd.
8. How is loaded the X Window System ?
Using the Ethernet interface.
9. List three companies that produce X Terminals in the 90.
IBM, NCD and Tektronix
10.What is LTSP ?
LTSP stand for Linux Terminal Server Project. This project is a 'high' evolution of the normal X-Terminal installation that happens in the 90.
11.What is VNC ? Who invent it?
VNC stand for Virtual Network Co
1.What is an Intranet ?
The concept of Intranet is basically any non-Internet network. It may be LAN or WAN.
2.What is a LAN ? What is a WAN ? ... Do you suppose that these concepts are invented in Internet time ?
A LAN is Local Area Network. A WAN is a Wide Area Network. The difference between a LAN and a WAN are based not only on the distance between nodes but also on the speed involved. These concepts are not new, but were created around in the 80.
3.How we can classify an Intranet will be a LAN or a WAN ?
LAN and WAN may be classified in three modes: Star-Form, Chain-Form and Bus-Form.
4.What is the minimum number of PC that will define a network ?
The minimum number is two.
5.What is a distributed network ?
A distributed network is where disk are shared and printers are used by any node, in a simple and efficient mode.
6.What means ATM ?
ATM means Asynchronous Transfer Mode.
7.What is the standard transmission method adopted by the most important high speed transmission methods like ISDN, ADSL ?
Asynchronous.
8.What is a network protocol ? List five examples.
A network protocol is the mode the information travels between heterogeneous systems. Five examples may be: TCP/IP, Appletalk, IPX and NetBUI.
9.May be the speed a difference between LAN and WAN ?
Yes.
10. What means ADSL ?
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
11. Why ADSL is so popular ?
ADSL is popular because without to change normal phone lines, is possible to offer high-speed connection.
12. Is possible to run a Linux network, using Linux on the Client and on the Server ?
Yes.
1.What is CORBA ?
CORBA is a set of Objects that define a new standard for system integrations. CORBA stand for Common Object Request Broker Architecture
2.What means OMG ?
OMG stand for Object Management Group.
3.What is OMG ?
OMG is a neutral independent vendor.
4.Why these concepts are important for System Integrators ?
These concepts are important because define a new mode to integrate systems. Instead to offer a step-by-step, all the architectures interact using the ORB objects and its interface.
5. What is IDL ?
IDL stand for OMG Interface Definition Language.
6. Are there some public documents about CORBA ?
Yes. You can download from ftp://ftp.omg.org/docs/formal
7. What is the name used for CORBA Objects ?
ORB
8. What is the popular programming language used to program CORBA ?
C++
9. Are there available some CORBA implementations for download ?
Yes. There are different ones.
10. Is available a CORBA implementation made by the VNC Developers ?
Yes. It is called OmniORB
1.What organization write the standards ?
IEEE
2.What is UNIX93 ? UNIX 95 ? What is UNIX 98?
UNIX 93 was the first name assigned to "Single UNIX Specifications", the first step in the UNIX standard direction.
UNIX 95 was the second was the next step in 1995 adopting the XPG4 release 2. This specification was also called "Spec 1170"
UNIX 98, now speaking in both UNIX-systems and OpenGroup terms was covered also the CDE and any other previous effort.
Last release is dated 2001.
3.Are there some UNIX complaint to these standards ?
Of course, from Compaq True-Unix, to Solaris and others.
4.When was formed the Open Group ?
In 1996.
5.What is XPG3 ?
XPG3 was the Issue 3 for the X/Open Portability Guide.
6.What means the number 1170, regarding the "Spec 1170" ?
1170 is the sum of the three components: (926) for the system interface, (70) the number of headers, and (174) the number of commands (174).
7.What is understood by "interface" when we are speaking about standard ?
With "interface" we understood the system call.
8.What is the number of interface for a workstation ?
3030. This number resume both UNIX, X Window and Motif.
9.What means OSF ? What wrote these company ? Where was located ?
OSF stand for Open Software Foundation. These companies develop Motif and CDE. OSF was located in Boston.
10.Is GNU GCC complaint by some standard ?
Yes. GNU GCC is C99 complaint; the ISO standard for C.
11. What means IEEE ?
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc
12. Is CDE complaint to some OpenGroup standard ?
Of course. CDE is the standard for the Graphical User Interface and is included in Unix98 specifications.